Archive for July, 2010

Fashion and Beauty

Posted in Theory on July 12th, 2010 by admin – 2 Comments

As civilizations developed, so styles of dress also evolved. In Egypt, Greece and Rome, clothes were draped, while the people of northern Europe and the East wore stitched, tubular garments. In the classical world the toga, worn not only by rulers but also by philosophers and teachers, was regarded as a symbol of civilization. Breeches and tunics, by contrast, were considered typical of barbarian, tribal societies.

But the idea of fashion, with its ever changing cycles of styles and trends, first took hold in the mid 1300 in Paris, London and the Italian city-states, when the elite rejected their flowing garments for tight-fitting clothes decorated to show the latest tastes. Men’s robes, which had previously been ankle-length, now reached above the knee, while female dress was transformed by lacing, buttons and the introduction of the décolletage. As people desired to change their silhouettes at regular intervals – a trend that coincided with a growing international textiles trade – so cutting and tailoring developed.

Early fashion belonged to the elite, who tried to preserve their social superiority with ‘sumptuary laws’ forbidding tradesmen and yeomen from wearing expensive and lavishly embroidered fabrics. But the French code of dressing, based on a fixed social hierarchy and courtly etiquette, was overturned by the Revolution of 1789. Elaborate wigs and powdered hair were abandoned, men’s clothes were no longer embellished with embroidery and lace, and women adopted the simple Empire gown. Style became a mark of individual freedom, adopted for its own sake. No longer the preserve of the aristocracy, it soon became associated with the avant-garde, Romantic writers and artists, political activists and dandies.

In Britain affordable, mass-produced printed textiles and fashion accessories were made available by the Industrial Revolution. These were popular with the middle classes, who saw them as a means of expressing their new confidence and success. For men power now lay in business, not the court. The dark suit became a male ‘uniform’, while women paraded the family’s status through their own and their children’s dress. Fashion and femininity were inextricably entwined. Women were weighed down by petticoats and their mobility restricted by delicate shoes.

In the late 1800s attempts began to make female dress more ‘sensible’. But ideals of beauty and fashion held sway, with department stores offering ready-made copies of the newest styles featured in magazines, society photographs and, from the early 1900s, the cinema. From these beginnings the consumer-orientated 20th-century fashion and beauty industries were launched.

Homeless Children

Posted in Topics on July 11th, 2010 by admin – Be the first to comment

Maybe money is not what they are in need of. There are many other ways that you can help the children out without having to give your money away. Below, we are going to look deeper into a subject that you may try to clear out of your mind. It’s time to face the facts of the homeless kids throughout the world.

So, what are some ways that we could help the children? Some of these ways may seem far-fetched for some, while some of them may seem simple. We know that not everyone out there is able to help, but you can at least think about them and give them the respect they need and deserve.

First, we would like to cover how one would go about donating money. Start by finding out which charities provide services to kids. You can do this by doing a simple search online. If you would like to donate to the children in a specific region, then find charities that provide services in that region. There are some charities that provide services in every region.

How much are you able to pledge on an ongoing basis? A one time pledge can bring a good amount of satisfaction, but a monthly pledge will really help out. You should only do this if you know you can afford it. You may elect to have an automatic recurring withdrawal taken out from your bank account, which will make things simple.

Donating money to an agency is great, but there are some individuals that would like to make a difference in one child’s life and they would like to see what their money is doing. If you would like to see your money in action, then there are a number of charities that will give you the opportunity to build a relationship with the child or with the family.

For those of you who cannot afford to donate money, you can donate time. How do you do this? You can start by volunteering at a children’s shelter. Check with local and state agencies that work with these children in order to find out what is offered in your area. There are millions of homeless children that live in the United States alone. Sadly, the average age is around three years old.

Tutoring homeless children is another option you have. Just giving these children attention from an adult can give them more than what money would buy. Many of these programs exist in shelters and schools. You may want to start your own tutor volunteer corps at the local shelter. With this, all it takes is a little time. If you are willing to give time out of your day to these children, then you can make a difference in their world.

How about taking them on trips? Many of these children do not know what it is like to go on a trip and have some fun. You could volunteer at the local shelter and take some of the children to the local zoo.

Teach other people about homeless children. Once you start to donate and/or volunteer your time, you are going to gain a lot of knowledge about the homeless. Try to spread the word and tell other individuals what you have learned. Maybe one of those individuals would like to do what you do and make a difference in a child’s life.

Ask businesses in the area to donate resources and money to homeless children. There are some businesses that will pitch in and help. Tell them about the tax breaks they can get by lending a helping hand.

Again, there are so many children out there that are homeless. They have been abandoned. They need love and care from an adult. They have trauma in their life and a story to tell. If you can give them a home, then you may want to look into adopting a child.

Birthright Citizenship

Posted in Conclusion on July 10th, 2010 by admin – Be the first to comment

Commentators and pundits argue that any child born on American soil, regardless of their parents’ immigration status, should be granted American citizenship as a right of birth, or “birthright citizenship.” The judicial branch in what are the three branches of government, have gone along with this, establishing a precedent for continued birthright citizenship. It is clear that birthright citizenship is an attractive benefit, as so many illegal alien mothers cross America’s borders just to check in to an American hospital in time to give birth. These newborn babies are given automatic citizenship, and are an “anchor” for the family’s future in the United States.

The Civil War was fought, in part, over the great question of slavery. Slaves were not considered fully human by many of their captors, let alone American citizens. After the slaves’ emancipation, there were some who would not recognize their citizenship, nor the citizenship of their offspring. This was an argument that had to be settled. The question of who was entitled to American citizenship was addressed in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed to solidify the rights of freed slaves. It begins, “All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States…” The phrase “not subject to any foreign power” is extremely important when examining the issue of American citizenship and particularly birthright citizenship. The language clearly points to allegiance to America as the key to citizenship by right of birth.

The Fourteenth Amendment begins, “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” The portion of that statement that is critical, is the clause “…and subject to the jurisdiction thereof…” It is clear that only those who are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States of American are to be considered citizens.

Those who disagree with birthright citizenship argue that the Fourteenth Amendment requires at least one parent to be “subject to the jurisdiction” of the United States in order for the child to be an American citizen. The child himself is subject to his parents, so if the parents are citizens of a foreign country, and have entered the United States illegally, how can the child be considered an American by birth? The clear language of the Fourteenth Amendment nullifies the idea of birthright citizenship.

If the Constitution is clear about American citizenship, then how did birthright citizenship become a precedent? In 1973, the Supreme Court heard a New York case, Sugarman vs. Dougall. The state of New York fired four resident aliens from government jobs because they were not American citizens. The four workers sued, and the Supreme Court ruled that lack of citizenship was not enough reason to descriminate against the workers.

In 1982, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that banned illegal alien children from attending the public schools. The state was being bankrupted from the cost of educating so many children who were not living lawfully in Texas. The Court sided with the illegal aliens. Subsequent and similar rulings have led to the practice of conferring American citizenship on any child born on American soil, regardless of the allegiances held by the parents of that child.


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